ProjectResearch ProjectAfrica and the Communist Countries during the Cold War: Educational exchange and cultural transfersThis research project builds upon our doctoral thesis on “the education of African and Arab students in the Soviet Union during the Cold War” and expands the scope towards two main directions. On the one hand, the aim is to examine the reception and the training of African and Arab students in all the countries of the “Soviet bloc” and, particularly, in Czechoslovakia and the GDR which, besides the USSR, have been the most actively engaged in the Third World. On the other hand, our intention is to focus not only on the students, who constituted the largest group, but also, more broadly, on the African and Arab intelligentsia and notably on the writers, the artists and the scientists, who established close ties or, in some cases, found refuge in Eastern Europe.The project stems from the observation that, with decolonization, the mobility and the connections between the Second and the Third World increased dramatically, yet, until today most of their dimensions and consequences remain unexplored.
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Overall, we can estimate that 80 000 students from Sub-Saharan African and another 80 000 from the Arab countries studied in the countries of communist Europe. Based in Eastern Europe, Pan-African and Pan-Arab organizations, as well as several national students’ unions, played a major political and ideological role, while many of their leading members later occupied key positions inside state or party mechanisms. Conferences and festivals, which were regularly taking place from Prague and Leipzig to Moscow and Tashkent, gave birth to relationships between artists and writers, at the same time as reviews published in the East, such as Lotus. Afro-Asian Writings, were circulating all over the world.
Young scientists, economists and historians, as well as journalists, received training, took part in international congresses and spent weeks or months in the communist countries. The Soviet bloc constituted thus a privileged platform for training, meetings and exchange between militants, a real hub for the circulation of the African and Arab intelligentsia.The project intends to map out these circulations of actors and of ideas and to give them the place they deserve in the contemporary intellectual history. The principal objective is yet to inquire into the consequences of those circulations, for instance, in terms of cultural transfers, both towards the South and towards the East. Another major objective is to inquire into the role that internationalist and other ideas played in the common commitments and in the common struggles of people coming from different countries and with very different cultural, social and even political backgrounds. In that sense, the historical chapter of the East-South relations, which preceded the era that had been announced as the one of the “clash of civilizations”, may also help us to reflect on the possibilities or on the failures of international and intercultural understanding.
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